ABSTRACT
El estudio que se informa describe el análisis psicométrico de la validación y confiabilidad de los instrumentos que conforman la Batería ICRA-A (Investigación de la Competencia Comunicativa para la Realización de Actos de Habla - Abraham & Brenca, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009a, 2013), la cual fue diseñada para evaluar sistemáticamente el aspecto pragmático del lenguaje infantil en el marco de la evaluación neurolingüística. La batería está conformada por cuatro instrumentos: (1) Análisis y Registro de Actos de Habla, (2) Observación Pragmática del Juego, (3) Cuestionario para Padres y (4) Guía para Padres. Fueron evaluados 155 niños, 100 de ellos tenían compromisos del lenguaje no verbal y/o verbal, y 55, con desarrollo típico del lenguaje. Se realizó el análisis de la validez de constructo utilizando Análisis Factorial con Componentes Principales y Rotación Varimax, la confiabilidad entre jueces, aplicando Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase con acuerdo absoluto y la consistencia interna, mediante el coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach. Se determinaron percentiles y valores de corte empleando la Curva ROC, como así también valores de especificidad, sensibilidad, predictibilidad y razón de probabilidad. La validez de constructo para el instrumento 1 fue igual a 65.5% y para el instrumento 2, igual a 73.7 % y la correlación intraclase fue igual a .90 y .89 respectivamente. Los resultados de la Curva ROC fueron: .92 para el instrumento 1 y .89 para el 2. Para el instrumento 1, el valor de sensibilidad fue igual a 81%, el de especificidad 90.9%, de seguridad (VP + 94.2%; VP - 72.5%) y de predictibilidad (CP + 8.47; CP - .21). Los instrumentos 3 y 4 brindan información preponderantemente cualitativa, ya que registran la percepción que tiene cada uno de los padres sobre la competencia comunicativa del niño. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la fortaleza de la Batería ICRA-A para evaluar el aspecto pragmático del lenguaje infantil en la clínica fonoaudiológica.
In this paper we describe the psychometric analysis of the validation and reliability of the instruments which constitute ICRA-A Battery (Communicative Competence for Speech Acts Production Research - Abraham & Brenca, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009a, 2013). It was designed for systematic assessment of child language pragmatic aspect, with a progression criterion, within the framework of neurolinguistic evaluation, in River Plate Spanish speeking children. In this way, it allows to register and analyze pragmatic development rigorously, with variables control, what is added to the analysis made in the other dimensions (phonological, lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic), so permitting to get a whole profile of the child linguistic competence. ICRA-A Battery is applied to little children who show pragmatic impairment. It is also useful with older children with a lower communicative or intellectual range. It is composed of four instruments. (1) Speech Acts Analysis and Register: it allows to evaluate in a quantitative and a qualitative mood pre and paralinguistic manifestations of the seven speech acts basic in children language development. (2) Playing Pragmatic Observation: information can be obtained about communicative competence, fundamentally non verbal, taking into consideration shared referenciality, protodeclaring and protoimperative conducts, prelinguistic functions, basic speech acts precursors, ludic interaction type and mode, analyzed into six communicative dimensions. (3) Parents Questionnaire: useful to get information on the perception each parent has about his / her child communicative competence. (4) Parents Guide: to give parents guidance on their child communicative behavior in three daily routines within the familiar context. ICRA-A Battery includes created ad hoc concrete and figurative material, as well as Register and Results forms. It is incorporated into the ICRA Method, which, from a systematic and progressive fashion, allows to formulate the pragmatic objectives of treatment plan and intervention strategies. One hundred and fifty five children were assessed: 100 with verbal and/or non verbal language impairment, and 55 with normal language development. Construct validity analysis was made through Factorial Analysis with Principal Components and Varimax Rotation. For reliability between judges we applied Intraclass Correlation Coefficient with absolute agreement; and internal consistency through Cronbach Alpha - Coefficient. Percentiles and cut values were determined through ROC Curve, and so specificity, sensibility, predictability values and probability ratio. Construct validity for instrument 1 was of 65.5%; for 2, of 73.7%; intraclass correlation was of .90 and .89, respectively. ROC Curve results were of .92 for instrument 1 and .89 for 2. For instrument 1, sensitivity value was of 81%, specificity of 90.9%,security (VP + 94.2%; VP - 72.5%); predictability (CP + 8.47; CP - .21). Instruments 3 and 4 give a preponderantly qualitative information, as they register the perception that each parent has on their child communicative competence. These results show the Battery ICRA-A fortitude to evaluate the child language pragmatic aspect in phono-audiological work. Speech acts systematic study is a relevant tool in phonoaudiological treatment to obtain greater precision in language analysis of children with communicative competence development difficulties, in differential diagnosis and consequent treatment. The psychometric results that have been achieved show ICRA-A Battery fortitude for its use in the phonological work with neurolinguistic orientation.
ABSTRACT
Las habilidades implicadas en la competencia narrativa permiten predecir el futuro desempeño lingüístico-cognitivo del niño, por lo cual resulta fundamental contar con recursos evaluativos específicos en la clínica fonoaudiológica. Proponemos un instrumento de evaluación de tales destrezas infantiles que abarca tanto las habilidades correspondientes al desarrollo de la estructutura narrativa canónica como las que corresponden a la expresión del contenido, cuyas características se analizan mediante la actividad de narración de un cuento con imágenes, creado ad hoc. Los datos se registran en un formulario diseñado para el análisis sitemático cuanti-cualitativo. Se presentan los materiales empleados y el análisis psicométrico preliminar, realizado en un estudio piloto con 22 niños preescolares sin problemas de lenguaje, de clase media, de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los resultados reflejan la fortaleza del instrumento para establecer, con precisión, cuáles son las destrezas en la edad preescolar y el modo de evaluarlas.
The skills involved in narrative competence allow as to predict the child's further cognitive-linguistic performance. Thus, from a speech and language perspective, it is extremely important to have clinical tools to evaluate such aspect. The present manuscript addresses the design of a clinical instrument to assess the abilities involved in narrative competence. Such abilities comprise those related to the development of canonical narrative structure as well as those related to the expression of content. These abilities are analysed throught an activity of re-telling a story induced from an ad-hoc oral text accompanied with pictures. A form specifically created for systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis was used to collect the data. The materials used in and a preliminary psychometric analysis of a pilot study conducted in 22 normal-language development pre-school children coming from middle-class families in the city of Buenos Aires are discussed. The results show that the instrument is capable of determining which narrative skills are involved in pre-school children and the manner they should be assessed.